Ngu-Andy wase-Baiyear factory
Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 5, 2022
1. Izinga lokuncipha
Ifomu nokubalwa kokuncipha kokubumba kwe-thermoplastic Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izici ezithinta ukuncipha kokubumba kwe-thermoplastic zimi kanje:
1.1 Izinhlobo zePlastiki Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba ye-thermoplastics, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwevolumu okubangelwa i-crystallization, ukucindezeleka okuqinile kwangaphakathi, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwensalela efriziwe engxenyeni yepulasitiki, kanye nokuma kwamangqamuzana aqinile, izinga lokuncipha liphakeme kunalelo lepulasitiki le-thermosetting.Ukwengeza, ukushwabana ngemva kokubunjwa, ukushwabana ngemva kokufakwa kwe-annealing noma umswakama womoya ngokuvamile kukhulu kunaleyo yamapulastiki e-thermosetting.
1.2 Izimpawu zezingxenye zepulasitiki Uma into encibilikisiwe ithinta ingaphezulu lembobo, ungqimba lwangaphandle luyaphola ngokushesha kwakheka igobolondo eliqinile elinokuminyana kancane.Ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity empofu yepulasitiki, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwengxenye yepulasitiki lupholiswa kancane ukuze lwenze ungqimba oluqinile oluphezulu olunokuncipha okukhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukushuba kodonga, ukupholisa kancane, nokuqina kongqimba oluphezulu kuzoncipha kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokufakwayo kanye nesakhiwo kanye nenani lokufakwayo kuthinta ngokuqondile isiqondiso sokugeleza kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusatshalaliswa komthamo kanye nokumelana nokuncipha, ngakho izici zezingxenye zepulasitiki zinomthelela omkhulu kusayizi kanye nesiqondiso sokuncipha.
1.3 Izinto ezifana nefomu, usayizi nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo yokuphakelayo kuthinta ngokuqondile isiqondiso sokugeleza kwempahla, ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu, ukuphakela okubamba ukucindezela nesikhathi sokubumba.Imbobo yokuphakelayo eqondile kanye nembobo yokuphakela enezingxenye ezinkulu eziphambanayo (ikakhulukazi iziphambano eziwugqinsi) zinokushwabana okuncane kodwa ukuqondiswa okukhulu, futhi imbobo yokuphakelayo ebanzi nefushane inokuqondisa okuncane.Eduze kwembobo yokuphakelayo noma ngokuhambisana nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwempahla, ukuncipha kukhulu.
1.4 Izimo zokubumba Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liphezulu, into encibilikisiwe iphola kancane, ukuminyana kuphezulu, futhi ukuncipha kukhulu, ikakhulukazi okwenziwa ngekristalu, ukushwabana kukhudlwana ngenxa yokukhanya okuphezulu nokushintsha kwevolumu enkulu.Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhunta nakho kuhlobene nokupholisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nokufana kokuqina kwengxenye yepulasitiki, ethinta ngqo
Kuthinta ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sokushwabana kwengxenye ngayinye.Ukwengeza, ukucindezela kokubamba kanye nesikhathi nakho kunethonya elikhulu ekunciphiseni, ukugoqa kuncane kodwa isiqondiso sikhulu lapho ukucindezela kuphezulu futhi isikhathi side.Ingcindezi yomjovo iphezulu, umehluko we-viscosity wezinto ezincibilikisiwe mncane, ingcindezi ye-shear interlayer incane, futhi i-elastic rebound ngemuva kokudilizwa inkulu, ngakho-ke ukuncipha kungancishiswa ngokufanele, izinga lokushisa lempahla liphezulu, ukuncipha kukhulu. , kodwa isiqondiso sincane.Ngakho-ke, ukulungisa izinga lokushisa lesikhunta, ingcindezi, isivinini somjovo kanye nesikhathi sokupholisa kanye nezinye izici ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kungashintsha ngokufanelekile ukuncipha kwengxenye yepulasitiki.
Lapho uklama isikhunta, ngokusho kohla lokushwabana kwamapulasitiki ahlukahlukene, ukujiya kodonga kanye nokuma kwengxenye yepulasitiki, ifomu, usayizi nokusabalalisa kwechweba lokuphakela, izinga lokuncipha kwengxenye ngayinye yengxenye yepulasitiki kunqunywa isipiliyoni, bese kubalwa ubukhulu bomgodi.Ezingxenyeni zepulasitiki ezinemba okuphezulu futhi lapho kunzima ukuqonda isilinganiso sokuncipha, izindlela ezilandelayo kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuklama isikhunta:
① Thatha isilinganiso esincane sokushwabana kobubanzi obungaphandle bezingxenye zepulasitiki, kanye nezinga elikhulu lokushwabana lobubanzi obungaphakathi, ukuze ushiye isikhala sokulungiswa ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesikhunta.
②Ukuhlolwa kwesikhunta kunquma ifomu, usayizi nezimo zokubumba zesistimu yokufaka.
③ Izingxenye zepulasitiki ezizocutshungulwa ngemuva kokuthi zicutshungulwe ukuze kunqunywe ushintsho lobukhulu (isilinganiso kufanele senziwe ngemva kwamahora angu-24 ngemva kokudilizwa).
④ Lungisa isikhunta ngokuya ngokuncipha kwangempela.
⑤ Zama kabusha isikhunta futhi ushintshe izimo zenqubo ukuze uguqule kancane inani lokuncipha ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zezingxenye zepulasitiki.
2. I-Liquidity
2.1 I-fluidity ye-thermoplastics ingahlaziywa ngokujwayelekile kusukela ochungechungeni lwezinkomba ezifana nesisindo se-molecular, inkomba ye-mellt, ubude bokugeleza be-Archimedes, i-viscosity ebonakalayo kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza (ubude benqubo/ubukhulu bodonga lwepulasitiki).Isisindo samangqamuzana amancane, ukusabalalisa kwesisindo samangqamuzana abanzi, ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana, inkomba ephezulu yokuncibilika, ubude bokugeleza okuvunguzayo, i-viscosity esobala ephansi, kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza okukhulu, uketshezi luhle.ekubumbeni umjovo.Ngokwezidingo zokuklama isikhunta, uketshezi lwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa ngokuvamile lungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
①Uketshezi oluhle lwe-PA, i-PE, i-PS, i-PP, i-CA, i-poly(4) i-methyl pentylene;
②Polystyrene series resin (efana ne-ABS, AS), PMMA, POM, polyphenylene ether enoketshezi olumaphakathi;
③I-PC ye-fluidity ebuthakathaka, i-PVC eqinile, i-polyphenylene ether, i-polysulfone, i-polyarylsulfone, i-fluoroplastic.
2.2 I-fluidity yamapulasitiki ahlukahlukene nayo iyashintsha ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene zokubumba.Izici eziyinhloko ezinomthelela yilezi ezilandelayo:
① Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, liyaphakama ubumanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa amapulasitiki ahlukene nawo ahlukile, i-PS (ikakhulukazi ukumelana nomthelela kanye nenani eliphakeme le-MFR), PP, PA, PMMA, i-polystyrene eguquliwe (njenge-ABS, AS) , I-PC, i-CA kanye namanye ama-plastiki fluidity ayahluka kakhulu ngezinga lokushisa.Ku-PE, i-POM, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukwehla kunomphumela omncane ekuphumeni kwayo.Ngakho-ke, owokuqala kufanele ulungise izinga lokushisa ukuze ulawule uketshezi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa.
②Lapho ingcindezi yomjovo ikhula, izinto ezincibilikisiwe zizogundwa kakhulu, futhi uketshezi luzokhuphuka, ikakhulukazi i-PE ne-POM zizwela kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukucindezela komjovo kufanele kulungiswe ukuze kulawulwe uketshezi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa.
③Ifomu, usayizi, isakhiwo, idizayini yesistimu yokupholisa, ukumelana nokugeleza kwento encibilikisiwe (njengokuqedwa kwendawo, ukujiya kwesigaba sangaphambili, umumo womgodi, isistimu yokukhipha umoya) nezinye izici ezithinta ngokuqondile ukugeleza kwento encibilikisiwe emgodini.I-fluidity yangempela ngaphakathi, uma izinga lokushisa lezinto ezincibilikisiwe lehliswa futhi ukumelana ne-fluidity kwanda, i-fluidity izokwehla.Lapho uklama isikhunta, isakhiwo esinengqondo kufanele sikhethwe ngokusho kwe-fluidity yepulasitiki esetshenzisiwe.Ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta, ingcindezi yomjovo, isivinini somjovo nezinye izici zingabuye zilawulwe ukuze kulungiswe kahle isimo sokugcwalisa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokubumba.
3. I-Crystallinity
I-Thermoplastics ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: amapulasitiki e-crystalline kanye namapulasitiki angewona amakristalu (owaziwa nangokuthi ama-amorphous) amapulasitiki ngokusho kokungabikho kwawo kwe-crystallization ngesikhathi sokufingqa.
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-crystallization phenomenon yukuthi lapho ipulasitiki ishintsha isuka esimweni esincibilikisiwe iye ku-condensation, ama-molecule ahamba ngokuzimela, ngokuphelele esimweni esiphazamisekile, futhi ama-molecule ayeka ukuhamba ngokukhululekile, ngokusho kwesimo esinqunyiwe kancane, futhi kukhona ukuthambekela. ukwenza ukuhlelwa kwamangqamuzana kube imodeli evamile.isenzakalo.
Njengendinganiso yokwahlulela ukubukeka kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamapulasitiki, kuncike ekukhanyeni kwezingxenye zepulasitiki ezinodonga oluqinile zepulasitiki.Ngokuvamile, izinto zekristalu ziyi-opaque noma i-translucent (njenge-POM, njll.), futhi izinto ezi-amorphous ziyabonakala (njenge-PMMA, njll.).Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile, okufana ne-poly (4) i-methyl pentylene iyipulasitiki ecwebezelayo kodwa inokukhanyela okuphezulu, i-ABS iyinto e-amorphous kodwa engabonisi lutho.
Lapho uklama isikhunta nokukhetha umshini wokubumba umjovo, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha zamapulasitiki e-crystalline kufanele kuqashelwe:
①Ukushisa okudingekayo ukuze izinga lokushisa likhuphukele kuzinga lokushisa lokubumba kukhulu, futhi okokusebenza okunamandla amakhulu okwenza ipulasitiki kufanele kusetshenziswe.
②Ukushisa okukhishwe ngesikhathi sokupholisa kukhulu, ngakho kufanele kupholiswe ngokuphelele.
③ Umehluko othize wamandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwesimo esincibilikisiwe nesimo esiqinile mkhulu, ukuncipha kokubumba kukhulu, futhi izimbobo ezishwabene nezimbotshana zivame ukwenzeka.
④Ukupholisa okusheshayo, ubucwebe obuphansi, ukushwabana okuncane nokubonakala okuphezulu.I-crystallinity ihlobene nokuqina kodonga lwengxenye yepulasitiki, ukushuba kodonga kupholisa kancane, i-crystallinity iphezulu, ukuncipha kukhulu, futhi izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zinhle.Ngakho-ke, impahla ye-crystalline kufanele ilawule izinga lokushisa lesikhunta njengoba kudingeka.
⑤ I-anisotropy ebalulekile nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi.Ngemuva kokudilizwa, ama-molecule angenayo i-crystalline avame ukuqhubeka nokucwebezela futhi asesimweni sokungalingani kwamandla, okujwayele ukuguquguquka kanye ne-warpage.
⑥ Ibanga lokushisa elicwebezelayo lincane, futhi kulula ukujova into engancibiliki esikhunjeni noma uvimbele imbobo yokuphakela.
4. Amapulasitiki angezwani nokushisa kanye namapulasitiki ane-hydrolyzed kalula
4.1 Ukuzwela okushisayo kusho ukuthi amanye amapulasitiki azwela kakhulu ekushiseni, futhi isikhathi sokushisisa side ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu noma ingxenye ephambanayo yetheku lokuphakela incane kakhulu, futhi lapho isenzo sokugunda sisisikhulu, izinga lokushisa lempahla liyakhuphuka futhi liyathambekela. ukuguquguquka, ukuwohloka, nokubola.Inalesi sici.amapulasitiki abizwa ngokuthi amapulasitiki angezwani nokushisa.Okufana ne-PVC eqinile, i-polyvinylidene chloride, i-vinyl acetate copolymer, i-POM, i-polychlorotrifluoroethylene, njll. Lapho amapulasitiki angezwani nokushisa ebola, imikhiqizo ephumayo efana nama-monomers, amagesi, nezinto eziqinile ziyakhiqizwa, ikakhulukazi amanye amagesi abolile ayacasuka, agqwale noma abe nobuthi. emzimbeni womuntu, izinto zokusebenza kanye nesikhunta.Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuklama isikhunta, ukukhethwa kwemishini yokubumba umjovo nokubunjwa.Imishini yokubumba umjovo wesikulufu kufanele ikhethwe.I-cross-section yesistimu yokungena kufanele ibe nkulu.Isikhunta kanye nomgqomo kufanele kufakwe i-chrome-plated, futhi akufanele kube namakhona.Engeza isinzisi ukuze wenze buthaka izici zayo ezizwela ukushisa.
4.2 Ngisho noma amanye amapulasitiki (afana ne-PC) equkethe amanzi amancane, azobola ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu.Lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrolysis elula, okumele ishiswe futhi yomiswe kusengaphambili.
5. Ukuqhekeka kwengcindezi nokuncibilika kokuqhekeka
5.1 Amanye amapulasitiki azwela ukucindezeleka, futhi athambekele ekucindezelekeni kwangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa futhi ayaphuka futhi kulula ukuqhekeka.Izingxenye zepulasitiki zizoqhekeka ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle noma i-solvent.Kulokhu, ngaphezu kokwengeza izithasiselo ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekomisweni kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, futhi izimo zokubumba kufanele zikhethwe ngokufanele ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokwandisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka.Ukuma okunengqondo kwezingxenye zepulasitiki kufanele kukhethwe, futhi izinyathelo ezinjengokufaka akufanele zisethwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukugxila kwengcindezi.Lapho uklama isikhunta, i-slope yokudilika kufanele inyuswe, futhi kukhethwe imbobo yokuphakela efanele kanye nendlela yokukhipha.Ngesikhathi sokubumba, izinga lokushisa lempahla, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta, ingcindezi yomjovo kanye nesikhathi sokupholisa kufanele kulungiswe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukubola lapho izingxenye zepulasitiki zibanda kakhulu futhi zishwabana., Ngemuva kokubunjwa, izingxenye zepulasitiki kufanele futhi zelashwe ngemuva kokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokuvimbela ukuthintana nama-solvents.
5.2 Uma i-polymer encibilika ngezinga elithile lokuncibilika kokuncibilika idlula emgodini wombhobho ngezinga lokushisa elingashintshi futhi izinga lokugeleza kwayo lidlula inani elithile, imifantu esobala enqamula endaweni encibilikayo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphuka kwe-ncibilika, okuzolimaza ukubukeka kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-polymer. izingxenye zepulasitiki.Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ama-polymer anezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika kokuncibilika, njll., isigaba esiphambanayo sombolo, umgijimi, kanye nembobo yokuphakelayo kufanele kukhuliswe, ijubane lomjovo kufanele lehliswe, futhi izinga lokushisa lempahla kufanele lenyuswe.
6. Ukusebenza okushisayo nezinga lokupholisa
6.1 Amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene anezindawo ezishisayo ezihlukile ezifana nokushisa okuqondile, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kanye nezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwe-thermal.Lapho ukufakwa ipulasitiki ngokushisa okukhethekile okuphezulu, inani elikhulu lokushisa liyadingeka, futhi umshini wokubumba umjovo onamandla amakhulu we-plasticizing kufanele kukhethwe.Isikhathi sokupholisa sepulasitiki esinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuhlanekezela ukushisa singaba sifushane futhi ukudilizwa kusenesikhathi, kodwa ukuwohloka kokupholisa kufanele kugwenywe ngemva kokudilizwa.Amapulastiki ane-conductivity ephansi yokushisa anezinga lokupholisa kancane (njengama-polymers e-ionic, njll.), ngakho-ke kufanele apholile ngokugcwele, futhi umphumela wokupholisa wesikhunta kufanele uqiniswe.Isikhunta somgijimi oshisayo sifanele amapulasitiki anokushisa okukhethekile okuphansi kanye ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu.Amapulastiki anokushisa okuqondile okukhulu, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal okuphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuguquguquka kokushisa kanye nezinga lokupholisa elihamba kancane alihambisani nokubumba ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi imishini yokubumba yomjovo efanelekile kufanele ikhethwe futhi ukupholisa isikhunta kufanele kuqiniswe.
6.2 Kudingeka amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene ukuze agcine izinga lokupholisa elifanelekile ngokwezinhlobo zawo nezici kanye nokuma kwezingxenye zepulasitiki.Ngakho-ke, isikhunta kufanele sibekwe ngesistimu yokushisa nokupholisa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokubumba ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elithile lesikhunta.Lapho izinga lokushisa lempahla likhuphula izinga lokushisa lesikhunta, kufanele lipholiswe ukuze kuvinjwe izingxenye zepulasitiki ukuthi zingakhubazeki ngemva kokudilizwa, kufinyezwe umjikelezo wokubumba, futhi kuncishiswe ubucwebe.Lapho ukushisa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki kunganele ukugcina isikhunta ekushiseni okuthile, isikhunta kufanele sifakwe uhlelo lokushisa ukugcina isikhunta ekushiseni okuthile ukulawula izinga lokupholisa, ukuqinisekisa uketshezi, ukuthuthukisa izimo zokugcwalisa noma ukulawula ipulasitiki. izingxenye ukupholisa kancane.Vimbela ukupholisa okungalingani ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezingxenye zepulasitiki ezinodonga oluqinile futhi uthuthukise ukucwebezela.Kulabo abane-fluidity enhle, indawo enkulu yokubumba kanye nezinga lokushisa elingalingani, ngokusho kwezimo zokubumba zezingxenye zepulasitiki, ukufudumeza noma ukupholisa ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ngokushintshana noma ukushisisa nokupholisa kwendawo kusetshenziswa ndawonye.Ngale njongo, isikhunta kufanele sifakwe isistimu yokupholisa ehambisanayo noma yokushisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2022
