Isungulwe futhi isetshenziswe kanjani isistimu yokulawula ikhwalithi ye-Baiyear?
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyisici esibalulekile sanoma iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ekubumbeni umjovo.Ukubumba umjovo kuyinqubo ebandakanya ukujova ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe endaweni yokubunjwa ukuze kukhiqizwe umumo oyifunayo.Izinga lomkhiqizo wokugcina lincike ezintweni eziningi, njengempahla, ukwakheka kwesikhunta, imingcele yomjovo, kanye nezinyathelo zangemuva kokucubungula.Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nokucaciswa nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende, ifektri yethu yokubumba imijovo isungule futhi yasebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi olubanzi.
Uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi luqukethe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko: ukuhlela ikhwalithi, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi.Ingxenye ngayinye inezinjongo zayo, izindlela, namathuluzi okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo.
- Ukuhlelwa kwekhwalithi: Le ngxenye ibandakanya ukusetha amazinga nezimfuneko zekhwalithi zemikhiqizo, kanye nokuchaza izinjongo zekhwalithi nezinkomba.Ukuhlela ikhwalithi kuhlanganisa nokuklama izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi namadokhumenti, njengemanuwali yekhwalithi, uhlelo lwekhwalithi, uhlelo lokuhlola, kanye nombiko wokuhlola.Ukuhlelwa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale inqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi kusekelwe kulokho ikhasimende elikushilo nalokho elikulindele, kanye namazinga nemithetho yemboni.
- Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi: Le ngxenye ibandakanya ukuqapha nokulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihambisana namazinga nezidingo zekhwalithi.Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa nokuqinisekisa imikhiqizo ngaphambi kokuba ilethwe kumakhasimende.Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi kusekelwe ezinkambisweni zokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nemibhalo.Izindlela zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi zihlanganisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalo, ukuhlolwa kwamasampula, nokuhlola.
- Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Le ngxenye ihlanganisa ukukala nokuhlola imikhiqizo ukuze kutholwe izinga layo lekhwalithi futhi kuhlonzwe noma yikuphi ukonakala noma okungavumelani.Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kuhlanganisa nokurekhoda nokubika imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokulungisa uma kunesidingo.Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa ngemva kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi kusekelwe ohlelweni lokuhlola kanye nombiko wokuhlola.Amathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi ahlanganisa amathuluzi okulinganisa, amageji, okokusebenza kokuhlola, nesofthiwe.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi: Le ngxenye ihilela ukuhlaziya nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nemikhiqizo ukuze kuvinjwe noma kuncishiswe amaphutha nokungavumelani.Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kuphinde kufaka phakathi ukwenza izenzo zokuvimbela ukugwema izinkinga ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo.Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi kusekelwe ezinhlosweni zekhwalithi nezinkomba.Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi zihlanganisa ukuhlaziya imbangela yezimpande, ukuxazulula izinkinga, isinyathelo sokulungisa, isenzo sokuvimbela, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, nokukhiqiza okunciphile.
Ngokusungula nokusebenzisa uhlelo olubanzi lokulawula ikhwalithi, ifektri yethu yokubumba imijovo ingaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yethu iyahlangabezana noma idlule lokho okulindelwe yikhasimende kanye nezimfuneko.Futhi singathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwethu kokukhiqiza, sinciphise izindleko zethu, sithuthukise isithunzi sethu, futhi sizuze inzuzo yokuncintisana emakethe.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukulawula izinga emikhiqizweni?
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyisici esibalulekile sanoma iyiphi inqubo yokukhiqiza.Iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezicaciso namazinga amakhasimende kanye nemboni.Ukulawula ikhwalithi kuphinde kusize ukuvimbela amaphutha, ukunciphisa ukungcola, nokuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokulawula ikhwalithi ezingasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezehlukene zenqubo yokukhiqiza.Ezinye ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri: Lokhu ukuhlola kwesayensi okulinganisa izici ezibonakalayo, zamakhemikhali, noma zebhayoloji zemikhiqizo.Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kungabheka ukuhlanzeka, amandla, ukuqina, noma ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo.Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kuvamise ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba imikhiqizo ikhishelwe emakethe.
- Ukuhlola okubonakalayo: Lokhu ukuhlola okuncike esweni lomuntu ukuze kutholwe noma yimaphi amaphutha noma amaphutha emikhiqizweni.Isibonelo, ukuhlola okubukwayo kungabheka umbala, ukwakheka, usayizi, noma ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo.Ukuhlola okubonwayo kuvame ukwenziwa ngabasebenzi abaphambili ababambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
- Ukuhlolwa komnyango wekhwalithi: Lokhu ukuhlola okwenziwa ithimba elikhethekile lochwepheshe bekhwalithi abanolwazi oluthe xaxa kanye nolwazi oluthe xaxa kumazinga nezidingo zekhwalithi.Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa komnyango wekhwalithi kungahlola ukusebenza, ukusebenza, noma ukwethembeka kwemikhiqizo.Ukuhlolwa komnyango wekhwalithi ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemva kokuba imikhiqizo isiphumelele ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwe: Lokhu ukuhlola okwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba imikhiqizo ithunyelwe kumakhasimende noma abasabalalisi.Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa kungabheka ubuningi, ikhwalithi, noma ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo.Ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa yinkampani yangaphandle noma ummeleli wekhasimende.
Izinga lemininingwane kanye nemvamisa yokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kungahluka kuye ngohlobo nobunkimbinkimbi bemikhiqizo, kanye nokulindelwe kanye nempendulo yamakhasimende.Nokho, kubalulekile ukuba nendlela ehlelekile nengaguquguquki yokulawula ikhwalithi ehlanganisa zonke izici zenqubo yokukhiqiza futhi eqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo iyahlangabezana noma idlule lokho okulindelwe ngamakhasimende.
Ingabe iyahambisana namazinga afanele wokuqinisekisa izitifiketi?
Ukubumba umjovo kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, njengejubane eliphezulu lokukhiqiza, izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi, ukunemba okuphezulu, nokuguquguquka komklamo.Kodwa-ke, ukubumba umjovo nakho kubangela izinselelo ezithile, njengomthelela wendawo, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukuphepha, nokuthobela imithetho.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imboni yethu yokubumba imijovo ihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi, ukuphepha, nokusebenza kwemvelo, sithole izitifiketi ezimbalwa zomkhakha ezibonisa ukuzibophezela kwethu ekwenzeni okuhle.Lezi zitifiketi zihlanganisa:
- ISO 9001: Leli izinga lamazwe ngamazwe lezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi.Icacisa izidingo zokuhlela, ukusebenzisa, ukuqapha, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo ezithinta ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo namasevisi ethu.I-ISO 9001 isisiza ukuthi siqinisekise ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, ukunciphisa ukumosha, nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
- ISO 14001: Leli izinga lamazwe ngamazwe lezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwemvelo.Icacisa izidingo zokuhlonza, zokuphatha, kanye nokunciphisa izici zemvelo nemithelela yemisebenzi yethu.I-ISO 14001 isisiza ukuba sinciphise umkhondo wethu wendawo ezungezile, sithobelane nezibopho zomthetho nezokulawula, futhi sithuthukise isithunzi sethu njengebhizinisi elinomthwalo wemfanelo.
- I-OHSAS 18001: Leli izinga lamazwe ngamazwe lezinhlelo zokuphatha impilo nokuphepha emsebenzini.Icacisa izidingo zokusungula, ukusebenzisa, kanye nokugcina uhlelo oluvikela impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi bethu nabanye ababambiqhaza.I-OHSAS 18001 isisiza ukuthi sigweme izingozi, ukulimala, nezifo, sithobelane nezibopho zomthetho nezomthetho, futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kwethu njengendawo yokusebenza ephephile nenempilo.
- UL 94: Leli izinga lokuvutha kwezinto zepulasitiki zezingxenye zamadivayisi nezinto zikagesi.Ihlukanisa amapulasitiki ngokwezimpawu zawo ezivuthayo lapho evezwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yokuthungela.I-UL 94 isisiza ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yethu iphephile futhi ithembekile uma kuba nomlilo noma ukuchayeka ekushiseni.
- I-RoHS: Lesi yisiqondiso esikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi kumishini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi.Ihlose ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo ezingozini ezibangelwa yilezi zinto.I-RoHS isisiza ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yethu ithobela umthetho we-European Union kanye nezimfuneko zemakethe.
Ngokuthola lezi zitifiketi zomkhakha, sibonise ukuthi imboni yethu yokubumba imijovo ithobelana namazinga afanelekile nezindlela ezihamba phambili.Siyaziqhenya ngezimpumelelo zethu futhi silwela ngokuqhubekayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwethu futhi sidlule lokho okulindelwe ngamakhasimende ethu.
